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The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb states something about the subject of the sentence. The verb depicts actions, events, or states of being.

A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, or abstract concepts. A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, an adjective or an adverb.

Pronouns as a part of speech can replace a noun, another pronoun, noun phrases and perform most of the functions of a noun.

An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. Many consider articles: “the, a, an” to be adjectives.

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a complete clause by indicating manner, time, place, cause, or degree.

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.

Conjunctions link words, phrases, and clauses.

An interjection is a part of speech used to show or express emotion or illustrate an exclamation.

Additional Parts of Speech Forms and Functions

VERBS

A transitive or sometimes called an action verb passes action on to a direct object.

An intransitive verb does not indicate a transfer of action.

A linking verb joins a subject with a word that describes it.

A main verb indicates the primary or principal activity.

An auxiliary verb helps the main verb describe an action or state of being.

A modal verb indicates ability, obligation, permission, or possibility. Modal examples: can, may, must, should, could, might, ought, would.

A finite verb describes a definite and limited action or condition.

A non-finite verb shows an unfinished action or condition.

A ditransitive verb takes two complements, an indirect object and a direct object.

Monotransitive verbs take one complement, usually a direct object

An intransitive verb does not have any complements. Examples: Fred cried. Sally slept.

A prepositional verb is a multi-word verb consisting of a verb and preposition.

Phrasal-prepositional verbs are multi-word verbs consisting of a verb, adverb and preposition.

Verb Forms called Verbals

Infinitives are the word ” to + verb” and they act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Participles in past or present tenses act as adjectives

Gerunds in the “present tense participle form” act as nouns.

NOUNS

Proper nouns are capitalized and include: name of a specific person, place, or thing, days of the week, months of the year, historical documents, institutions, organizations, religions, holy texts and religious followers.

A common noun is a noun referring in general to a person, place, or thing.

A concrete noun is a noun which names everything (or everyone) that you can perceive through the physical senses of touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell.

An abstract noun is a noun that names anything that you can not perceive through your five physical senses.

A countable noun (or count noun) names anything (or anyone) that you can count and is a noun with both a singular and a plural form.

A non-countable noun (or mass noun) is a noun which does not have a plural form, and which refers to something that you could (or would) not usually count.

A collective noun is a noun naming a group of things, animals or persons.

A possessive noun indicates ownership or possession.

PRONOUNS

A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.

A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence. The subjective personal pronouns: I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they”.

An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronouns: “me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them”.

A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as an indication of possession and defines who owns a particular object. The possessive personal pronouns: “mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs”.

A demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun. The demonstrative pronouns: “this, that, these, and those”.

An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns: “who, whom, which, what”.

Relative pronouns link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns: “who, whom, that, which.”

An indefinite pronoun refers to an unspecified person or thing. An indefinite pronoun depicts the idea of all, any, none, or some. The most common indefinite pronouns: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody, and someone.

The reflexive pronouns identify the “self” such as: “myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.”

An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasize or highlight an attribute.

ADJECTIVES

An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. Gradable adjectives have a base, comparative and superlative form. The adjective happy is intensified in the following examples: “very happy, extremely happy, quite happy, happier, and happiest”. Adjectives can have stative or dynamic and inherent or non-inherent properties.

An adjective can be modified by an adverb or by a phrase or clause functioning as an adverb. Some nouns, many pronouns, and many participle phrases can also act as adjectives.

A possessive adjective is similar to a possessive pronoun. The possessive adjective modifies a noun or a noun phrase.

The demonstrative adjectives “this, these, that, those, what” are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases.

An interrogative adjective such as “which or what” is like an interrogative pronoun. The interrogative adjective modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own.

An indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun. The indefinite adjective modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.

ADVERBS

Adverbs have a complex grammatical relationship within the sentence or clause as a whole. An adverb can be found in various places within the sentence. An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, a clause or entire sentence. Adverbs are gradable with intensification and comparison.

A circumstantial adverb indicates manner, time or place.

A degree adverb specifies the degree or cause to which some property applies and answers questions such as: how, when and where.

The conjunctive adverb can join two clauses together. The most common conjunctive adverbs: “also, consequently, finally, furthermore, hence, however, incidentally, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, nevertheless, next, nonetheless, otherwise, still, then, therefore and thus.”

A disjunct adverb comments on the sentence as a whole. Example: Honestly, I couldn’t believe my eyes.

An interrogative adverb is used to construct interrogative sentences and “wh-questions” example: Why did you do that?

PREPOSITIONS

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.

The most common prepositions: “about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within and without.”

Complex prepositions consist of more than one word: along with, out of, up to.

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are a part of speech and are a closed word class which includes coordinating words such as “and, but, and or”, and subordinating words such as “because, if, and when”. Some conjunctions can also appear as prepositions or as adverbs.

Coordinating conjunctions “and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet” are used to join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses. The conjunctions “but” and “for” can also function as prepositions.

A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause and indicates the nature of the relationship between the independent clause(s) and the dependent clause(s). The most common subordinating conjunctions: “after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether and while”.

Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs — you use them to link equivalent sentence elements. The most common correlative conjunctions: “both… and, either…or, neither…nor, not only.., but also, so…as, and whether…or.” Usually correlative conjunctions consist of a coordinating conjunction linked to an adjective or adverb.

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are used in speech to indicate emotion or transition. Interjections such as “yuk, ouch, eh” are used as exclamations in conversation.

1. Speaking Skill

Dalam Speaking skill teknik berbicara yang dipelajari berupa pengucapan kata-kata yang berbahasa inggris, selain itu dengan Speaking Skill merupakan English aktif artinya kita bisa berbicara bahasa inggris.

2. Reading Skill

Dalam reading skill kita juga mempelajari bagaimana membaca kata-kata dalam bahasa inggris serta memperbanyaki kosa kata bahasa inggris (Vocabulary). dalam reading skill ada tekniknya yaitu membaca cepat atau scaning, artinya kita membaca bahasa inggris secara menyeluruh dalam waktu yang singkat dan membaca point dari setiap bacaan tersebut. Reading skill kita bisa mengetahui tentang Main idea, topic dari sebuah bacaan berbahasa inggris dan juga kalimat pendukung tulisan tersebut.

3. Listening Skill

Listening Skill merupakan kemampuan bahasa inggris dalam mendengar seseorang yang berbicara lalu menjadikan kita akan pengucapan kata tersebut, pada umumnya jika kita berasal dari negara asia tenggara bahasa inggrisnya lebih mudah untuk di dengarkan karena logat atau cara berbicaranya sama seperti bahasa kita dalam pengucapannya. untuk belajar bahasa inggris dalam bidang listening skill perbanyaklah mendengarkan lagu atau film yang berbahasa inggris lalu simaklah kata demi kata sehingga kita bisa mengetahui bagaimana mengucapkan yang benar.

4. Writing Skill

Dalam writing skill merupakan kemampuan yang lumayan rumit karena dalam menulis bahasa inggris kita harus tahu grammar dan susunan kata tersebut juka salah menuliskan grammar atau lain sebagainya maka makna yang terkandung akan beda nantinya,

dalam writing skill ada yang namanya tenses yaitu susunan kata yang sesuai dengan waktu kejadiannya seperti (Present tense, present continuous tense, past tense, past continuous tense, present past tense dan juga modal dan lain sebagainya) untuk bisa menulis bahasa inggris kita harus menguasai semua tenses tersebut sehingga untuk kedepannya kita menjadi lebih baik lagi.

Dalam writing skill banyak yang harus kita pahami dengan teliti agar seatu saat kita menulis dalam bahasa inggris baik grammar maupun lain sebagainya bisa tersusun dengan baik dan rapi. Untuk itu kita harus terus mempelajari bahasa inggris dengan seksama.

Demikianlah penjabaran singgkat ini mungkin nanti akan saya jelaskan lebih mendetail tentang bahasa inggris. yang terpenting kita mau mampelajarinya dan banyak bergaul dengan teman yang lebih menguasai bahasa inggrinya.

yang penting jangan menyerah karena pada dimana ada kemauan disitu banyak jalan.

me and friend                                                            lagi rame-rame

at the waterfall                                                          get the freedom

enjoy aja                                                              smile guys

Pernah mencoba mengukur, seberapa besar dan dalamnya cinta kita pada pasangan, dan begitu pula sebaliknya? Sebetulnya caranya tak sulit-sulit amat. Anda cukup membuat daftar pertanyaan dan pernyataan, lalu masing-masing pasangan menjawab. Ya, semacam kuis, tapi bukan 100 persen kuis. 

Tujuannya? Untuk membantu Anda mengetahui hal-hal yang mendekatkan Anda berdua dan sebaliknya. Tidak ada jawaban yang benar ataupun salah dan tidak ada nilai atas jawaban yang Anda berikan. Daftar ini dibuat hanya untuk membuat Anda lebih menyadari kelebihan Anda sebagai seorang individu dan sebagai pasangan. Bukan untuk melihat kelemahan Anda atau menimbulkan pertengkaran!

BOLEH BERDUA ATAU SENDIRI 
Sudah siap? Bacalah daftar di bawah ini dan beri angka pada setiap pertanyaan. Bila pertanyaan tidak berlaku bagi Anda, lewati. Anda dapat melakukannya berdua atau bila ingin melakukannya sendiri-sendiri pun, boleh saja. 

Untuk tiap jawaban tidak pernah, nilainya 1, kadang-kadang = 2,  hampir setiap saat = 3, dan selalu = 4. Jika ingin mengisi berdua, buat dua lajur jawaban. Tuliskan di atasnya Pasangan 1 dan Pasangan 2. Dengan demikian, Anda berdua bisa melihat skor masing-masing. 

Daftar Pertanyaan:
* Seberapa seringnya Anda santai bersama pasangan?
* Seberapa sering Anda memperlihatkan perhatian pada pasangan?
* Seberapa sering Anda merasakan kedekatan hubungan dengan pasangan?
* Kapan Anda menjadikan hubungan Anda sebagai prioritas utama?
* Seberapa sering Anda meluangkan waktu hanya berduaan saja dengan pasangan?
* Seberapa sering Anda membiarkan pasangan menikmati kesendiriannya?
* Dapatkah Anda mengatakan tidak pada pasangan tanpa perasaan bersalah?
* Dapatkah Anda melihat segala sesuatu dari sisi pasangan, bahkan pada saat Anda sedang berselisih paham?
* Apakah Anda membantu pasangan bila dia sedang sedih atau sedang gembira?
* Dapatkah Anda menghargai ritme dari hubungan Anda, naik-turunnya hubungan, serta perubahan yang terjadi tanpa perasaan marah?
*  Apakah Anda menganggap pasangan sederajat dengan Anda?
* Apakah Anda menggunakan nama binatang piaraan Anda atau panggilan sayang untuk pasangan (misalnya Si Manis)?
* Seberapa sering Anda memberi sentuhan sayang (memeluk, menggandeng, dan lainnya)?
* Seberapa sering Anda memedulikan diri Anda dan kebutuhan Anda sendiri?
* Dapatkah Anda menerima dengan terbuka perbedaan-perbedaan pandangan Anda dan pasangan?
* Apakah Anda dapat menerima kelemahan pasangan?
* Seberapa sering Anda memberikan perhatian pada teman-teman, keluarga, dan komunitas di mana Anda tinggal?
* Seberapa sering Anda berbuat sesuka hati Anda?
* Seberapa sering Anda bermain dan bercanda bersama?
* Seberapa sering Anda memerhatikan sisi spiritual?
* Seberapa sering Anda berdua saling memberikan kepercayaan?
* Dapatkah Anda memaafkan pasangan bila dia telah menyakiti hati Anda?

BUAT DAFTAR 
Nah, setelah menjawab semua pertanyaan dan pernyataan tadi, tergantung Anda, apakah mau membicarakan atau membahas perolehan hasil dan mengambil kesimpulan dari ketidakcocokan yang terlihat. Apakah pertanyaan yang Anda jawab dengan tidak pernah akan Anda perbaiki? Yang jelas, beri ciuman dan ucapan selamat pada masing-masing pasangan untuk setiap jawaban selalu. 

Sekali seminggu, setiap kali pasangan melakukan suatu kebaikan pada Anda, catat dan tempelkan di daftar nilai Anda. Setiap pasangan memerlukan daftar nilai. Tempelkan di tempat-tempat yang sering terlihat. Entah dekat kalender, samping telepon, di dinding meja kerja atau kulkas. Tapi ingat, jangan jadikan hal ini sebagai kompetisi, melainkan sebagai ajang penghargaan. 

Sekali sehari, usahakan untuk memilih satu pernyataan dari daftar pasangan yang ingin Anda lakukan. Jangan katakan pada pasangan yang mana yang akan Anda lakukan. Buat kejutan! Sesudah dua minggu, sisihkan waktu untuk membahasnya bersama bagaimana hasil yang dirasakan. Pusatkan perhatian pada hal-hal yang disukai dan tidak disukai oleh pasangan. Tanamkan pada diri sendiri sehingga Anda tahu, apa yang sebaiknya dilakukan dan tidak dikerjakan untuk orang yang Anda cintai.
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